| Previous | Contents | Index |
LSET | RSET | CSET FILL str_expr: str_var = expr
|
10 heading$ = REPEAT$('.', 20) ! Twenty dots
20 PRINT '('; heading$; ')'
30 CSET FILL '*': heading$ = 'Page 12'
PRINT '('; heading$; ')'
40 END
RNH
(....................)
(*******Page 12******)
|
The value of expr is left-justified, right-justified or centered inside the str_var. The remaining part of the string is filled with the pattern specified by str_expr. If str_expr is the null string, no filling occurs---the remaining part of the string is left as is.
8.6 DATA, READ, RESTORE Statements
8.6.1 READ
DATA [num_const | str_const] [,[num_const | str_const]...]
.
.
.
READ [num_var | str_var] [,[num_var | str_var]...]
|
10 DIM months$(6)
20 DATA January, February, March
30 DATA April, May, June
40 FOR i = 1 TO 6
READ months$(i)
PRINT months$(i)
NEXT i
50 END
RNH
January
February
March
April
May
June
|
Use DATA and READ statements to assign data to variables in cases where the data will not change with successive runs of the program.
The READ and DATA statements assign data to variables. DATA specifies a list of data to assign. The data must be given as constants and can be string, numeric or integer types. Multiple data items must be separated by commas.
The READ statement specifies a list of variables to assign data to. The variables can be string, numeric or integer variables. They can be substrings, array elements, etc..
When INTOUCH executes the first READ statement, it goes to the first DATA statement and assigns the items in the DATA list to the variables in the READ list. The first variable in the READ list is assigned the first value in the DATA list. The second variable in the READ list is assigned the second value in the DATA list, and so on.
DATA constant, constant, constant, constant...
.
. | | | |
.
READ variable, variable, variable, variable...
|
If the data item contains a commas, the data item should be enclosed with single or double quotes. For example:
10 DIM amounts$(3)
20 DATA '$25,000', '$250,000', '$2,500,000'
30 READ amounts$(1), amounts$(2), amounts$(3)
40 PRINT amounts$(1), amounts$(2), amounts$(3)
50 END
RNH
$25,000 $250,000 $2,500,000
|
The variable types and data types must match or an exception will result. For example, if the third item in the DATA list is a string constant, and the third variable in the READ list is a numeric variable, an exception will result.
When the second READ statement is executed, INTOUCH starts reading from the first unread data item in the DATA list. For example:
10 DIM months$(4)
20 DATA January, February, March, April, May, June
30 READ months$(1), months$(2)
40 READ months$(3), months$(4)
50 PRINT months$(1), months$(2), months$(3), months$(4)
60 END
RNH
January February March April
|
In the example above, when the first READ statement is executed, INTOUCH reads the months January and February. When the second READ statement is executed, INTOUCH will continue at the first unread month--March--and read it into months$(3).
If you attempt to read more data than exists, that is, if your READ list has more items than than your DATA list, an exception will result. You can avoid this by using the RESTORE statement to restore the DATA list and read from the beginning again.
The READ and DATA statements must occur in the same program unit. For example, you cannot not have your DATA statements in the main program unit and your matching READ statements in a subprogram.
See Section 8.6.2 for information on using RESTORE.
RESTORE
|
10 DIM months$(3)
DIM more_months$(3)
20 DATA January, February, March
30 FOR i = 1 TO 3
READ months$(i)
PRINT months$(i)
NEXT i
40 RESTORE
PRINT
50 FOR i = 1 TO 3
READ more_months$(i)
PRINT more_months$(i)
NEXT i
60 END
RNH
January
February
March
January
February
March
|
Use RESTORE when you want to use the same set of data (from a DATA statement) for a number of READ statements.
RESTORE restores the DATA statements in a program unit so that you can use them again. When the RESTORE statement is executed, all the DATA statements which have been read are restored. The next READ statement causes INTOUCH to go back to the first DATA statement and begin assigning the items in its list.
In the example program, the months will be read and assigned to the array MONTHS$. When the RESTORE is executed, the DATA statements will be restored. When the READ statement is executed, the months will be read into the new array MORE_MONTHS$.
SET and ASK statements find and change characteristics within an INTOUCH program. SET sets various characteristics, and ASK returns the value of various characteristics. SET and ASK have several different options.
You can use SET and ASK on a channel of a device. Use SET and ASK if you need to do some special printing to the terminal. You can use ASK to find the terminal's current print zone width and right margin setting. If they are not correct, you can use SET to change them and then print your material to the terminal.
For information on SET #chnl and ASK #chnl statements, refer to Chapter 15, File Handling. For information on SET STRUCTURE and ASK STRUCTURE statements, refer to Chapter 14, Data Structure Statements. |
SET AUTOEXIT num_expr
|
10 SET AUTOEXIT 1
20 DO
INPUT 'Who': a$
IF _EXIT OR _BACK THEN EXIT DO
30 LOOP
PRINT 'Finished'
40 END
RNH
Who? Greg
Who? Sammy
Who? (User fails to respond within 1 minute.)
INTOUCH
|
Use to slowly back a user out of a program if the terminal is left idle.
SET AUTOEXIT causes an idle terminal waiting at an input prompt to set _EXIT to TRUE and complete the input. num_expr is the length of time in minutes. If num_expr is assigned a value of 0, INTOUCH turns off the feature.
If the terminal is left idle for num_expr minutes at the input prompt, EXIT will be forced as the response, the _EXIT flag will be set on and the program will execute the code indicated for _EXIT, if any.
9.2 SET BACK ON | OFF
9.2.1 SET BACK ON
SET BACK ON
|
10 LINE INPUT 'Name', LENGTH 30: reply$
20 PRINT _BACK
30 SET BACK ON
40 PRINT _BACK
50 END
RNH
Name? TESTER________________________
0
1
|
SET BACK OFF
|
10 LINE INPUT 'Name', LENGTH 30: reply$
20 PRINT _BACK
30 SET BACK OFF
40 PRINT _BACK
50 END
RNH
Name? \_____________________________
1
0
|
9.3 SET ERROR ON | OFF
9.3.1 SET ERROR ON
SET ERROR ON
|
10 DO
INPUT 'Enter the age': age
IF age < 1 THEN
PRINT 'Too young:'; age
SET ERROR ON
ELSE
SET ERROR OFF
END IF
LOOP WHILE _ERROR
20 END
RNH
Enter the age? .5
Too young: .5
Enter the age? 38
|
Use to set the _ERROR flag on.
_ERROR is a general purpose error flag. You can use it to indicate that an error has occurred, and to test later on whether an error has occurred.
The following statements SET the _ERROR flag:
SET ERROR OFF
|
10 DO
INPUT 'Enter the age': age
IF age < 1 THEN
PRINT 'Too young:'; age
SET ERROR ON
ELSE
SET ERROR OFF
END IF
LOOP WHILE _ERROR
30 END
RNH
Enter the age? .5
Too young: .5
Enter the age? 38
|
Use to clear the _ERROR flag.
_ERROR is a general purpose error flag. You can use it to indicate that an error has occurred, and to test later on whether an error has occurred.
The following statements CLEAR the _ERROR flag:
ASK ERRORS num_var
|
10 DO
INPUT 'Enter the age': age
IF age < 1 THEN
MESSAGE ERROR: age; ' Too Young'
REPEAT DO
ELSE
EXIT DO
END IF
LOOP
20 ASK ERRORS num_errors
PRINT 'Errors:'; num_errors
30 END
RNH
Enter the age? 0 0 Too Young
Enter the age? .5 .5 Too Young
Enter the age? 21
Errors: 2
|
ASK ERRORS asks for the number of user errors. The MESSAGE ERROR: statement increments this internal counter.
9.5 SET EXIT ON | OFF
9.5.1 SET EXIT ON
SET EXIT ON
|
10 LINE INPUT 'Name', LENGTH 30: reply$
20 PRINT _EXIT
30 SET EXIT ON
40 PRINT _EXIT
50 END
RNH
Name? ELAINE________________________
0
1
|
SET EXIT OFF
|
10 LINE INPUT 'Name', LENGTH 30: reply$
20 PRINT _EXIT
30 SET EXIT OFF
40 PRINT _EXIT
50 END
RNH
Name? EXIT__________________________
1
0
|
9.6 SET HELP ON | OFF
9.6.1 SET HELP ON
SET HELP ON
|
10 LINE INPUT 'Name', LENGTH 30: reply$
20 PRINT _HELP
30 SET HELP ON
40 PRINT _HELP
50 END
RNH
Name? MIKE__________________________
0
1
|
SET HELP OFF
|
10 LINE INPUT 'Name', LENGTH 30: reply$
20 PRINT _HELP
30 SET HELP OFF
40 PRINT _HELP
50 END
RNH
Name? HELP__________________________
1
0
|
ASK KEYSTROKES num_var
|
10 INPUT 'Please enter your name': name$
PRINT 'Hello '; name$
20 ASK KEYSTROKES strokes
PRINT 'Keystrokes:'; strokes
30 END
RNH
Please enter your name? Maryanne
Hello Maryanne
Keystrokes: 8
|
ASK KEYSTROKES asks for the number of user-entered keystrokes.
9.8 ASK | SET MARGIN
9.8.1 ASK MARGIN
ASK MARGIN num_var
|
ASK MARGIN finds the right margin of the device specified and assigns its value to the numeric variable, num_var.
SET MARGIN num_expr
|
10 PRINT REPEAT$('.' ,200)
PRINT
ASK MARGIN old_marg
20 INPUT 'What do you want the margin set to': new_marg
30 SET MARGIN new_marg
40 PRINT REPEAT$('.' ,200)
SET MARGIN old_marg
50 END
RNH
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
What do you want the margin set to? 20
....................
....................
....................
....................
|
SET MARGIN sets the right margin on the device specified to the number indicated. num_expr specifies the column to set the margin to. The margin must be greater than zonewidth.
9.9 ASK | SET MESSAGELINE
9.9.1 ASK MESSAGELINE
ASK MESSAGELINE num_var
|
10 CLEAR
PRINT AT 1,1:;
20 ASK MESSAGELINE orig_mess_line
MESSAGE 'Current message line is '; orig_mess_line
DELAY 4
30 new_line = 12
SET MESSAGELINE new_line
MESSAGE 'New message line is '; new_line
DELAY 4
40 SET MESSAGELINE orig_mess_line
MESSAGE 'Message line has been reset to its original position'
50 END
RNH
Current message line is 23
New message line is 12
Message line has been reset to its original position
|
The MESSAGELINE option of the ASK statement returns the line number on which the messages are displayed. This numeric value is stored in num_var.
SET MESSAGELINE num_var
|
10 CLEAR
PRINT AT 1,1:;
20 ASK MESSAGELINE orig_mess_line
MESSAGE 'Current message line is '; orig_mess_line
DELAY 4
30 new_line = 12
SET MESSAGELINE new_line
MESSAGE 'New message line is '; new_line
DELAY 4
40 SET MESSAGELINE orig_mess_line
MESSAGE 'Message line has been reset to its original position'
50 END
RNH
Current message line is 23
New message line is 12
Message line has been reset to its original position
|
The MESSAGELINE option of the of the SET statement sets the line on which the next message is displayed. If SET MESSAGELINE 0 is used, no messages will be displayed.
ASK PAGESIZE num_var
|
10 ASK PAGESIZE no_lines
PRINT 'There are'; no_lines; 'lines or rows on this screen'
20 END
RNH
There are 24 lines or rows on this screen
|
ASK PAGESIZE returns the number of rows or lines of terminal screen output.
9.11 SET PORT ON | OFF
9.11.1 SET PORT ON
SET PORT ON
|
| Previous | Next | Contents | Index |